Many low carbon technologies require the use and deployment of relatively rare metals and minerals in their manufacturing and construction. For instance, next generation batteries require lithium, cobalt, and nickel. High-efficiency motors utilize neodymium and dysprosium.  Platinum and platinum-like elements are essential for new fuel cells and in many other clean manufacturing processes.  As the economy decarbonizes, demand for these elements will rise and with that rise in demand raises a number of economic, policy, and environmental issues, such as how supply chain bottlenecks might raise prices for these rare metals and minerals, how they might be reused or recycled, and whether they will be disposed of responsibly. This grant supports a project by Morgan Bazilian of the Colorado School of Mines that will attempt to address critical gaps in our knowledge in this area. Grant funds will allow Bazilian to improve, upgrade and expand an empirically-informed model he has created of the metal and mineral needs of a wide range of clean energy technologies. Drawing both on industry sources and on published work by researchers, the model will eventually cover 25 technology areas and 55 distinct metals and minerals.  Bazilian will then use the improved model to conduct an analysis of critical metal and mineral demand and re-use scenarios under a range of different assumptions about growth rates, supply constraints, and recycling options. The project will pay particular attention to the prospects for recycling previously used critical metals and minerals so they can be re-utilized in the clean energy sector.  The analysis will produce a more robust picture than ever before about how different scenarios of clean energy growth will affect demand for, and productive lifecycle of, critical metals and minerals.